Three Large Bisque Head Dolls, Germany, early 20th century, a Simon Halbig bisque head girl doll with blonde mohair wig, sleeping eyes, articulated composition body, and white cotton dress; a Special 62 bisque head girl doll with braided brown mohair wig, sleeping brown eyes, articulated composition body, and cotton gingham dress; and a CM Bergmann bisque head girl doll with brown mohair wig, sleeping brown eyes, articulated composition body, and white natural cotton dress. Estimate $300-400 The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. Condition requests can be obtained via email (lot inquiry button) or by telephone to the appropriate gallery location (Boston/617.350.5400 or Marlborough/508.970.3000). Any condition statement given, as a courtesy to a client, is only an opinion and should not be treated as a statement of fact. Skinner Inc. shall have no responsibility for any error or omission.
Pretty Bergmann Child Doll.
German bisque socket head incised “C.M. Bergmann Simon & Halbig 14” (wig pulls), molded multi-stroked eyebrows, sleeping eyes with real curly upper eyelashes, pierced ears, open mouth with four upper teeth, replaced wig; jointed composition body (wear on fingers and at joints); ...
Bergmann/Simon & Halbig Child Doll. Description Germany, Ca. 1900. Bisque socket head incised C.M. Bergmann Simon & Halbig 14 (chip and reglue in neck socket), blue sleeping eyes with real eyelashes, painted lower eyelashes, molded eyebrows, open mouth, replaced French human hair wig. Jointed composition body (professional repaint), new dress.Condition (Good). Size 31" T.
Lot of 2: Bisque Head Dolls. Description Germany, Ca. 1900. Bisque socket head marked Trebor Germany 22 P 2 ¾ M by Porzellanfabrik Mengersgereuth for Carl Harmus (light speckling), brown sleeping eyes, light striated eyebrows, open mouth with 4 upper teeth, new long curl wig, jointed composition body (hands antique but do not match), beautifully dressed in old fabrics with hat, new shoes and socks. Bisque socket head incised C.M. Bergmann Waltershausen 1916, made by Armand Marseille for Bergmann, blue sleeping eyes with real upper eyelashes, open mouth with teeth, chin dimple, replaced long curl wig, jointed composition body (wear, discoloration), lovely cotton dress with lace insertion and tucks, new shoes.Condition (Very Good). Size Tallest: 24".
2 Bisque head dolls, larger incised "CM Bergmann Waltershausen 1916" with stationary blue glass eyes, open mouth with 4 teeth on original fully jointed wood and compo body, smaller incised "C M Bergmann Simon and Halbig" blue sleep eyes on fully jointed wood and compo body, smaller doll has serious breaks and bisque loss to the head, left leg detached, larger 25" Estimate $200-250
Lot of 3: Bisque Head Dolls & Monkey Flask.
Description Includes a doll incised A.M. 390 and is on a wooden composition body with glass sleep eyes, open mouth and dressed; a C.M. Bergmann doll marked 1916, lacking glass eyes; and an A.M. shoulder head doll on cloth body with bisque hands and a jointed plush monkey with removable ...
LOT 2 GERMAN BISQUE HEAD DOLLS. 1) 21” (53 cm), head incised “11-1/2. 99 DEP Germany”. Blue glass eyes in stationary position with painted lower lashes, lacking upper silk lashes. Open mouth with 4 teeth on fully jointed body stamped “Handwerck”. CONDITION: Redressed and wearing a replacement blond human hair wig, head and body good. 2) 25” (63 cm), head incised “C. M. Bergmann Simon and Halbig 3” on fully jointed body with original finish. Blue glass sleep eyes with lower painted lashes and upper silk lashes. Open mouth with 4 teeth. Wearing dark brown human hair wig. Antique clothing and shoes. CONDITION: No damage found but wig not totally removed. 1-4782 RS
LARGE C. M. BERGMANN, SIMON & HALBIG GERMAN DOLLLarge C. M. Bergmann, Simon & Halbig German bisque head doll, stamped 13 1/2 , with sleep eyes, open mouth with teeth, jointed composition body, with 2009 York Fair first place ribbon, 29" h. Provenance: Collection of Rosalie Youkers, York, Pennsylvania.
Competitive in-house shipping is available for this lot.
Condition:
Redressed in period outfit, eye lids with overpaint, some losses to lashes, abrasions to hands.
C.M. Bergmann Bisque Head Girl Doll, head manufactured by Simon & Halbig, impressed "C.M. BERGMANN HALBIG S&H 3" to back of head and neck, with fixed blue glass eyes, painted eyebrows and eyelashes, open mouth with inset top teeth, light brown wig, fully jointed composition body, white cotton undergarments, linen drop-waist dress, ivory socks, and tan shoes, ht. 24 in. Provenance: From the Estate of Jeanne Hedberg. Estimate $300-500 The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. Condition requests can be obtained via email (lot inquiry button) or by telephone to the appropriate gallery location (Boston/617.350.5400 or Marlborough/508.970.3000). Any condition statement given, as a courtesy to a client, is only an opinion and should not be treated as a statement of fact. Skinner Inc. shall have no responsibility for any error or omission.
THREE BISQUE HEAD DOLLSThree bisque head dolls, to include two Simon & Halbig, C. M. Bergmann, with sleep eyes, open mouth with teeth, and jointed composition body, 18 1/2" h., a K star R Simon and Halbig baby doll, with sleep eyes, open mouth with teeth, and jointed composition body, 24" h.
Condition:
Bergmann - redressed, finger wear. Bergmann - redressed, losses to wig. K star R - redressed, damage to fingers, some surface loss to knee and wrist joints.
Pretty Bergmann Child Doll.
Description German bisque socket head incised “C.M. Bergmann Simon & Halbig,” molded multistroked eyebrow, sleeping eyes with painted lower eyelashes, open mouth with upper teeth, pierced ears, replaced human hair wig, jointed composition body; antique white child’s dress.
Condition ...
Large C.M. Bergmann Child Doll.
Description German bisque socket head incised “C.M. Bergmann Simon & Halbig 13 ½,” molded multistroked eyebrows, sleeping eyes with real curly eyelashes, pierced ears, original mohair wig; jointed composition body (wear and soil), vintage eyelet dress and shoes (sole missing on ...
Three bisque head dolls: Three bisque head dolls, to include a Morimura Brothers bisque head doll, with jointed composition body, 12" h. , George Borgfeldt doll, with sleep eyes and jointed composition body, 22" h. and C. M. Bergmann doll, with fixed paperweight eyes and jointed composition body, 23" h. Condition Morimura - lacking eyes, loss to finger. Borgfeldt - good condition. Bergmann - restoration to fingers.
Lot of 2: Bisque Child Dolls.
Description Germany, Ca. 1900. C.M. Bergmann 1916 doll with lashed blue sleeping eyes, vintage human hair wig, open mouth, fully jointed composition body, redressed. Simon & Halbig 530 boy, with lashed brown sleeping eyes, new human hair wig, open mouth, jointed composition body ...
Large German Bisque Child Doll.
Description Bisque head doll incised “Simon & Halbig/ C.M. Bergmann” with open mouth, painted lower lashes, on a fully jointed original wooden body; eyes are glass stationary, possibly replacements. Doll is nicely dressed and wearing original blonde mohair wig.
Condition (Very Good). Size 30" T.
A C.M. Bergmann, Simon & Halbig (Germany) 26in. Bisque Head Doll, 19th/20th Century, A C.M. Bergmann, Simon & Halbig (Germany) 26in. Bisque Head Doll, 19th/20th Century,
Marked C. Bergmann, Simon & Halbig 11 1/2 on back. Having a jointed composite body and hands, pierced ears, open mouth with exposed teeth, painted eyebrows, eyelashes and lips. With a straw hat, 14kt gold necklace and gold plated pendant.
H: 26 in.
Simon & Halbig/CM Bergmann Bisque Head Doll, impressed CM Bergmann/ Simon & Halbig 13 open mouth showing teeth, weighted blue eyes, fully-jointed body, replaced clothes, ht. 30 in.
TWO GERMAN BISQUE HEAD DOLLSTwo German bisque head dolls, to include a C. M. Bergmann with sleep eyes, open mouth with teeth, jointed composition body, 23" h. and a Pansy II, with sleep eyes, open mouth with teeth, jointed composition body, 25" h. Provenance: Collection of Rosalie Youkers, York, Pennsylvania.
Competitive in-house shipping is available for this lot.
Condition:
Bergmann (shorter) - redressed, wear to body, heavier to hands, overall good condition, no other apparent damages or repairs. Pansy (taller) - redressed, body overpainted, sleep eyes do not close when laid down, a few hairlines to body/overpaint.
TWO GERMAN BISQUE HEAD DOLLSTwo German bisque head dolls, to include a C. M. Bergmann, Simon & Halbig, stamped 6 with fixed eyes, open mouth with teeth, jointed composition body, 15" h.; and a C. M. Bergmann with Armand Marseille 5 head, with sleep eyes, open mouth with teeth, jointed composition body, 20" h. Provenance: Collection of Rosalie Youkers, York, Pennsylvania.
Competitive in-house shipping is available for this lot.
Condition:
Halbig - Some losses to eyelids, period outfit, shoes and hat replaced, wear to arms, one finger repaired. Marseille - redressed.
Bergmann Bisque Child Doll.
Description German bisque socket head incised “C.M. Bergmann Simon & Halbig,” with sleeping eyes, multi-stroked eyebrows, painted lower eyelashes, open mouth with upper teeth, lovely brown curly mohair wig; excellent jointed composition body. Lovely antique white work dress with ...
C. M. BERGMANN SIMON & HALBIG DOLL. “C.M. Bergmann Simon & Halbig #14”. Blue sleep eyes, open mouth, pierced ears with coral earrings, white lace gown with lavender purse, and pink parasol. SIZE: 29” l. CONDITION: Very good. 1-3123
Lot of 2: German Bisque Head Dolls.
Description Includes a larger doll incised “Heubach Koppelsdorf 250” with open mouth, glass eyes on a fully jointed body and nicely dressed; smaller doll is incised C.M. Bergmann on a fully jointed body, nicely dressed in antique clothing. Both dolls eyes have fallen into head, ...
Seven Assorted Dolls and Teddy Bears, a pair of Steiff Margaret Strong cinnamon mohair bride and groom teddy bears, 1980s, both with ear buttons and yellow ear tags, nos. 0155/36 and 0155/37, groom bear with wrist tags, bride bear with internal growler, ht. 14 1/2 in.; a brown mohair Steiff-type articulated teddy bear; two German bisque head baby dolls, early 20th century, a small Armand Marseille bisque head baby doll with sleeping blue glass eyes, and an ACM Bergmann bisque head baby doll with brown mohair wig, sleeping blue eyes, and five-part composition body; and two Peruvian figural dolls, made with Pre-Columbian fabrics and textiles. Estimate $300-500 The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. Condition requests can be obtained via email (lot inquiry button) or by telephone to the appropriate gallery location (Boston/617.350.5400 or Marlborough/508.970.3000). Any condition statement given, as a courtesy to a client, is only an opinion and should not be treated as a statement of fact. Skinner Inc. shall have no responsibility for any error or omission.
LOT OF SIX GERMAN BISQUE HEAD DOLLS. 1) 31” (79 cm), head incised, “ARMAND MARSEILLES GERMANY 390 A. 15 M.” Lacking eyes, missing two teeth, hairline crack in back of head. Dressed and wearing brown human hair wig. CONDITION: Body in generally good condition; some finger damage. 2) 22-1/2” (57 cm), Hertel & Schwab” character baby incised “152/13”. CONDITION: Head broken and glued. Body retains original finish. 3) 20” (51 cm), head incised, “C.M. BERGMANN SIMON & HALBIG”. Having brown glass sleep eyes, on original body. CONDITION: Head and body both good. Wig deteriorated. 4) 22-1/2” (57 cm), incised “ARMAND MARSEILLES 390 n A. 6 M.” Having brown glass sleep eyes. Wearing white dress w/pink ribbon inserts. CONDITION : Head and body very good. 5) 15-1/2” (39 cm), AM 390. CONDITION: Lacking eyes and lower right leg. 6) 14” (36 cm), bisque shoulder head incised, “275 HEUBACH KOPPELSDORF.” On kidolene body w/bisque forearms. CONDITION: Head appears perfect, body is sturdy. 1-5031 RS
Simon & Halbig C.M. Bergmann German bisque head doll, in vintage white dress, with rush seat doll’s chair. Doll 23”L Condition: wig not attached CT Transfer Fee $20
DOLLS: Three baby dolls including: 11" Simon & Halbig, #28, baby, needs eyes repaired; 12" C M Bergmann bent limb baby #4, needs eyes repaired; and a 14" Konig & Wernicke bent limb baby, needs eyes, all pieces sold as found.
Five German Bisque Head Dolls, two small dolls include Revalo and Gebruder Heubach dolly-faced dolls, one brown and one blue-eyed doll, ht. 13, 14; three larger dolls include Simon Halbig Heinrich Handwerck, CM Bergmann 1916 and Gbr K 165, all with sleeping eyes, open mouths, fully articulated bodies, dressed, ht. 20 to 23 in. Estimate $200-250 All dolls show wear and soil, clothing stained, damages to bodies, small Heubach's eyes set stationary. The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. Condition requests can be obtained via email (lot inquiry button) or by telephone to the appropriate gallery location (Boston/617.350.5400 or Marlborough/508.970.3000). Any condition statement given, as a courtesy to a client, is only an opinion and should not be treated as a statement of fact. Skinner Inc. shall have no responsibility for any error or omission.
LARGE C.M. BERGMANN? GERMAN BISQUE SOCKET HEAD CHILD DOLL, 24 INCH.LARGE C.M. Bergmann? German bisque socket head child doll, 24 inch., Mark, symbol or back to back 'C' with connecting line in between, and 4 1/2 under the line. Also, '30_7' at top of head. Fully jointed composition body, fixed blue glass eyes, open mouth with teeth, human hair wig. 26"H
German bisque socket head doll by C.M. Bergmann for Simon Halbig.
Late 19th/early 20th century. Large child doll with sleep eyes, painted features and pierced ears. Open mouth with four teeth showing. On ball jointed composition body. Marked on neck CM Bergmann / Simon Halbig / 13. 31"h.
A C M Bergmann 'Spezial' doll, with open mouth, weighted eyes and composition body and two small SFBJ dolls with open mouths, weighted eyes and composition bodies
(5) LARGE GERMAN BISQUE HEAD FASHION DOLLS, TOinclude: Simon Halbig, C. M. Bergmann number 3, composition body, 23" high, wearing a red and white dress. A Queen Louise, bisque head, missing eyes, 22 1/2" high, wearing a long christening dress. A C. M. Bergmann, Simon Halbig, pierced ears, sleep eyes, composition body, 24 high, has a large straw hat. A Heubach bisque head doll, number 2753, fixed open eyes, composition body, 22 1/2" high, wig is loose, wearing a floral cotton dress. A Handwerck, number 4, bisque head, composition body, open mouth, approx. 25" high, wearing a floral chiffon dress.
Lot of 2: German Bisque Head Dolls.
Description Larger is a CM Bergmann with brown glass sleep eyes and open mouth on a fully jointed body made of wood and composition. Smaller is a Kestner shoulder head doll marked “Made in Germany” with brown eyes and bisque forearms. Bergmann doll has a slight cheek rub on left ...
ALTHOF BERGMANN GOODWIN DOLL PUSHING CART. Large composition wood and tin doll in very exquisite fashion pushing a three wheeled cart. This version of the toy is a pull toy that never had a wind up mechanism. When cart is pulled woman's feet simulate walking. SIZE: 11" h. CONDITION: Woman is all original. Cart is missing part of bottom of cart and seat. Otherwise the toy is all original and in very nice condition. 1-4935 MC
Lot of 2: German Bisque Dolls. Description Germany, Ca. 1900. Bisque socket head incised "C.M.B.", made by Bergmann, set glass eyes, open mouth with teeth, replaced mohair wig. Jointed composition body (wear and soil), Velvet dress with fur cape and muff, black hat. Bisque shoulder head unmarked, but looks like a Simon & Halbig, set blue eyes, open mouth with teeth, pierced ears, heavy flat eyebrows, replaced human hair wig, kid body with bisque lower arms (foot repaired), vintage dress, no shoes or socks.Condition (Very Good). Size Largest: 26" T.
Lot of 2: German Bisque Dolls. Description Ca. 1900. Bisque socket head incised "Queen Louise", sleeping eyes, open mouth, replaced wig, jointed composition body (repainted), dressed. Bisque socket head incised "C.M. Bergmann", sleeping eyes, open mouth, replaced wig, jointed composition body (repainted), fancy taffeta and velvet gown and hat.Condition (Good). Size Largest: 27" T.
2 German Bisque Head Dolls, larger incised "S&H 1079" with reset blue stationary glass eyes, on original fully jointed wood and compo body, along with a doll incised "CM Bergmann A6M" with blue glass sleep eyes, open mouth with 4 teeth on original fully jointed wood and compo body, typical wear with age, largest 25" Estimate $250-350
C.M. BERGMANN BB II GERMAN BISQUE HEAD DOLL, C.M. BERGMANN/SIMON & HALBIG BISQUE HEAD DOLL, SIMON & HALBIG "SANTA" BISQUE HEAD DOLL, AND C.6 DEP BISQUE HEAD DOLL the C.M. Bergmann BB II German bisque socket head doll has sleepy blue eyes with applied eyelashes, open mouth with teeth, and a composition body, with a pink satin long dress with petticoat, markings on back of head incised: C.M. BERGMANN, BB II, GERMAN, l: 24 in.; the C.M. Bergmann/Simon Halbig bisque socket head doll with frozen eyes, applied lashes, pierced ears, open mouth with teeth and jointed composition body wearing a pale pink long dress has incised markings; C.M. BERGMANN/SIMON& HALBIG, 9 1/2, l: 23 in.; the Simon& Halbig "Santa" doll with bisque socket head, sleepy brown eyes, applied lashes open mouth with teeth and jointed composition body has a yellow dotted swiss dress, the incised markings S. H. 1249 D.E.P., GERMANY, 12, l: 26 in.; the C.6 DEP doll with bisque socket head, frozen glass eyes, painted lashes, open mouth with teeth and bisque arms with jointed leather body is wearing a linen dress, underslip and petticoats, the incised markings: at base of head, 2 and on shoulder C. 6 Dep., l: 20 in. (4)
C.M. Bergmann/Simon & Halbig Bisque Head Doll C.M. Bergmann/Simon & Halbig Bisque Head Doll, 19th/20th century, with sleepy eyes and open mouth over a composition body, ht. 24 in. Estimate $200-250 The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. Condition requests can be obtained via email (lot inquiry button) or by telephone to the appropriate gallery location (Boston/617.350.5400 or Marlborough/508.970.3000). Any condition statement given, as a courtesy to a client, is only an opinion and should not be treated as a statement of fact. Skinner Inc. shall have no responsibility for any error or omission.
Four Large German Bisque Head Dolls, a Heinrich Handwerck marked "119-13 Handwerck 5 Germany," with sleeping brown glass eyes, painted eyelashes and eyebrows, open mouth with inset top teeth, dark blonde wig, fully jointed composition body, lace dress, white socks, brown booties, and green and brown bonnet; two C.M. Bergmann, one marked "C.M. Bergmann Waltershausen 1916 10a," with sleeping blue glass eyes, painted eyebrows and eyelashes, open mouth with four inset top teeth, blonde wig, fully jointed composition body, white cotton dress with purple paste pendant, white socks, brown shoes, and straw hat with black feather; the other marked "C.M. Bergmann Waltershausen Germany 1916 9," with sleeping blue glass eyes with applied top lashes, painted eyelashes and eyebrows, open mouth with inset top teeth, blonde wig, fully jointed composition body, eyelet dress, black socks and shoes, and silk hair ribbon; and a Bruno Schmidt, marked "BSW" in a heart and "17" to back of head, with fixed blue glass eyes, painted eyebrows and eyelashes, open mouth with four inset top teeth, blonde curly wig, fully jointed composition body, eyelet undergarments, polka dot printed cotton dress, white socks, brown leather shoes, and cream and maroon silk bonnet, ht. to 31 in. Provenance: From the Estate of Jeanne Hedberg. Estimate $1,000-2,000 The absence of a condition statement does not imply that the lot is in perfect condition or completely free from wear and tear, imperfections or the effects of aging. Condition requests can be obtained via email (lot inquiry button) or by telephone to the appropriate gallery location (Boston/617.350.5400 or Marlborough/508.970.3000). Any condition statement given, as a courtesy to a client, is only an opinion and should not be treated as a statement of fact. Skinner Inc. shall have no responsibility for any error or omission.
31” BERGMANN/S&H OPEN MOUTH DOLLY FACE. This dolly face with fine bisque on a fully jointed composition body is dressed in a fanciful red and black ball gown and is wearing a replacement human hair wig. CONDITION: Doll lacking eyes, white speck on doll’s left cheek, otherwise very good. JL 1-2060
Pretty C.M. Bergmann Bisque Doll.
Description Germany, Ca. 1900. Perfect bisque socket head, incised C.M. B. S & H, made by Simon & Halbig for Bergmann, molded multistroked eyebrows, blue sleeping eyes, open mouth with teeth, original brown human hair wig with curls. Jointed composition body with original paint. ...
LOT OF TWO GERMAN BISQUE HEAD CHILD DOLLS. 1)23-1/2” (60 cm), with head incised, C.M. BERGMANN WALTERSHAUSEN 1916”. Having blue glass sleep eyes, open mouth w/four teeth, on original fully-jointed body w/original finish. Re-dressed and wearing synthetic brown wig. CONDITION: Bisque and body very good. 2) 23-1/2” (60 cm), head incised, “G. & S 5 GERMANY”. Having brown glass sleep eyes, open mouth w/four teeth and on original body w/white overall re-paint. CONDITION: Head has very short firing line in rim but does not extend into a hairline. Re-dressed and re-wigged in brown synthetic wig. 1-4790 RS
A C.M. Bergmann bisque head doll with blue sleeping eyes (to refix), open mouth, brown wig, on jointed composition body, wearing white dress, No."1916.10a", 28" high
A bisque head doll by C.M Bergmann Waltershausen, No 1916/6, with; blonde wig, sleep eyes, open mouth and a jointed composite body in a silk dress (58cm), a black Armand Marseille child doll and one other Armand Marseille doll. (3)
BISQUE SOCKET HEAD BERGMANN SIMON & HALBIG DOLL marked CM Bergmann Simon & Halbig 13 1/2 with brown sleep eyes, open mouth with teeth, pierced ears and composition body. Height 31 inches.
Large German Bisque Child Doll. Description Bisque head incised "C.M. Bergmann Simon & Halbig 14 - 1/2". Brown glass sleep eyes, lower painted lashes, open mouth with four upper teeth, and original wood and composition fully-jointed body. Wears a newer brown long curled wig and an old antique white cotton dress with a newer burgundy sash. Doll body has been repainted.Condition (Very Good). Size 32" T.
A C.M. Bergmann bisque head girl doll (no eyes), with open mouth, brown mohair wig, jointed composition limbs and body, 28" high, marked "1916"
GERMAN BISQUE HEAD CHILD DOLL. SIZE: 22" (56 cm), with head incised, "Simon & Halbig CM Bergmann 2", With brown glass sleep eyes, upper and lower painted lashes, open mouth with 4 upper teeth (one chipped), on fully jointed body. CONDITION: mostly repainted with fingers repaired. Head very good. 1-5529 RS
23'' C.M. BERGMANN BISQUE HEAD DOLL: C.M. Bergmann operated a doll company in Waltershausen Germany from 1888 till they went bankrupt in 1931. This doll has sleepy blue eyes open mouth with 4 teeth. Long blonde wig. Jointed arms hands & legs. White eyelet dress black patent shoes.CONDITION: Note damage to eyelashes. Also note repairs to both hands.
44” C.M. BERGMANN WALTERSHAUSEN GERMANY “1916.19” DOLL. Featuring blue glass sleep eyes, painted upper and lower lashes, additional silk eyelashes on upper lids. On fully jointed composition body with original body finish, this doll is open-mouthed with four upper teeth showing. Antique blond mohair wig with center part, dressed in a two-piece 1910-era red and white striped cotton suit with waist belt, red cotton knee-length stockings and lacking shoes. CONDITION: Good quality bisque with even coloring, very good original body condition. 1-3751 RS (2,500-3,000)